Which component contains the red brake lamps, yellow or red turn signals, and white reverse lamps?

The correct choice is the one that identifies the component specifically designed to house multiple lighting functions at the rear of a vehicle. Tail lamps are critical for safety and communication to other drivers, as they include the red brake lamps which signal when the vehicle is stopping, yellow or red turn signals that indicate turning or lane changes, and white reverse lamps which illuminate the area behind the vehicle when reversing.

This multi-functionality is key: tail lamps ensure that the vehicle is visible to others and communicate the driver's intentions, which is essential for road safety. The other options focus on different lighting systems; for instance, headlamps illuminate the road ahead, fog lamps are designed for low-visibility conditions, and signal lamps primarily indicate directional changes, but none encompass the full range of functions found in tail lamps. Thus, the comprehensive role of tail lamps in ensuring vehicle visibility and communication with other road users justifies why this is the correct answer.